Heart - Tissue Tables

SpeciesSpecies DetailCellsEnzyme(s)Medium Reference
Bovine Bovine
(also rat)		 Heart
Adrenal chromaffin
Paraneurons		 Trypsin: 0.06%
 25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
Canine Canine Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Zhang,D., Wu, C., Qi, X., Meijering, R., Hoogstra-Berends, F., Tadevosyan, A., Cubukcuoglu, et al: Activation of Histone Deacetylase-6 Induces Contractile Dysfunction Through Derailment of alpha-tubulin Proteostasis in Experimental and Human Atrial Fibrillation., Circulation 129, 346-58, 2014
Canine Canine, adult Atrial and ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.065%
 See reference Bonilla, I., Sridhar, A., Nishijima, Y., Gyorke, S., Cardounel, A. and Carnes, C.: Differential Effects of the Peroxynitrite Donor, SIN-1, on Atrial and Ventricular Myocyte Electrophysiology., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 61, 401-7, 2013
Canine Canine Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Protease: 0.03%
 Tyrode's solution Xi, Y., Wu, G., Ai, T., Cheng, N., Kalisnik, J., Sun, J., Abbasi, S., Yang, D., Fan, C., Yuan, X., Wang, S. et al: Ionic Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Canine Atrial Myocardium., Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6, 976-83, 2013
Canine Canine Atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.03%
 Tyrode's solution Gan, T., Qiao, W., Xu, G., Zhou, X., Tang, B., Song, J., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Li, F., Mao, T. and Jiang, T.: Aging-Associated Changes in L-type Calcium Channels in the Left Atria of Dogs., Exp Ther Med 6, 919-924, 2013
Canine Canine Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 60 u/ml
Protease XIV: 0.5 u/ml
 See reference Harleton, E., Besana, A., Comas, G., Danilo, P., Rosen, T., Argenziano, M., Rosen, M., Robinson, R. and Feinmark, S.: Ability to Induce Atrial Fibrillation in the Peri-Operative Period is Associated with Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition of TWIK Protein-Related Acid-Sensitive Potassium Channel 1 (TASK-1)., J Biol Chem 288, 2829-38, 2013
Canine Canine Atrial and ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05-0.08%
 See reference Zhang, H., Silva, J., Lin, Y., Verbsky, J., Lee, U., Kanter, E., Yamada, K., Schuessler, R. and Nichols, C.: Heterogeneity and Function of K(ATP) Channels in Canine Hearts., Heart Rhythm 10, 1576-83, 2013
Canine Canine, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Protease Type XIV: 0.01%
 HEPES Calloe, K., Nof, E., Jespersen, T., Di Diego, J., Chlus, N., Olesen, S.¸ Antzelevitch, C. and Cordeiro, J.: Comparison of the Effects of a Transient Outward Potassium Channel Activator on Currents Recorded from Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes., J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22, 1057-66, 2011
Canine Canine, 20-25 kg Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 Tyrode's solution Burashnikov, A., Zygmunt, A., Di Diego, J., Linhardt, G., Carlsson, L. and Antzelevitch, C.: AZD1305 Exerts Atrial Predominant Electrophysiological Actions and is Effective in Suppressing Atrial Fibrillation and Preventing its Reinduction in the Dog., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 56, 80-90, 2010
Canine Canine, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Protease: 0.008%
 M199 Gavi, S., Yin, D., Shumay, E., Wang, H. and Malbon, C.: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Provokes Functional Antagonism and Internalization of Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors., Endocrinology 148, 2653-62, 2007
Canine Canine Atrial and ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.065%
 Tyrode's solution Schotten, U., de Haan, S., Verheule, S., Harks, E., Frechen, D., Bodewig, E., Greiser, M., Ram, R., Maessen, J., Kelm, M., Allessie, M. and Van Wagoner, D.: Blockade of Atrial-Specific K+-currents Increases Atrial but not Ventricular Contractility by Enhancing Reverse Mode Na+/Ca2+-Exchange., Cardiovasc Res 73, 37-47, 2007
Canine Canine Atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.013%
 HEPES Baba, S., Dun, W., Hirose, M. and Boyden, P.: Sodium Current Function in Adult and Aged Canine Atrial Cells., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291, H756-61, 2006
Canine Canine, 20-30 kg Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 110 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Sun, H., Chartier, D., Leblanc, N. and Nattel, S.: Intracellular Calcium Changes and Tachycardia-Induced Contractile Dysfunction in Canine Atrial Myocytes., Cardiovasc Res 49, 751-61, 2001
Canine Canine Ventricular and atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 4: 0.04%
Collagenase Type 2: 125 u/ml
 HEPES/Tyrode's Gintant, G.: Two Components of Delayed Rectifier Current in Canine Atrium and Ventricle. Does IKs Play a Role in the Reverse Rate Dependence of Class III Agents?, Circ Res 78, 26-37, 1996
Canine Dog, mongrel, adult Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Spanier, A. and Weglicki, W.: Ca2+-Tolerant Adult Canine Myocytes: Preparation and Response to Anoxia/Acidosis, Am J Physiol 243, H448, 1982
Chicken Chicken, embryonic Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.13%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.13%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.033%
 HBSS Blech-Hermoni, Y. and Ladd, A.: Identification of Transcripts Regulated by CUG-BP, Elav-like Family Member 1 (CELF1) in Primary Embryonic Cardiomyocytes by RNA-seq., Genom Data 6, 74-76, 2015
Chicken Chicken embryos, 9-11 day incubated Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 PBS Eschenhagen, T., Fink, C., Remmers, U., Scholz, H., Wattchow, J., Weil, J., et al.: Three-Dimensional Reconstitution of Embryonic Cardiomyocytes in a Collagen Matrix: A New Heart Muscle Model System, FASEB J 11, 683, 1997
Chicken Chick, embryos, 10-11 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.17%
 HBSS, CMF Wang, S., Greaser, M.L., Schultz, E., Bulinski, J.C., Lin, J.J., and Lessard, J.L.: Studies on Cardiac Myofibrillogenesis With Antibodies to Titin, Actin, Tropomyosin, and Myosin, J Cell Biol 107, 1075, 1988
Chicken Chick, 10 day Ventricular Trypsin: 0.025%
 HBSS, CMF Kim, D., Okada, A., and Smith, T.W.: Control of Cytosolic Calcium Activity During Low Sodium Exposure in Cultured Chick Heart Cells, Circ Res 61, 29, 1987
Chicken Chick, embryo, 11 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 HBSS, CMF Jacob, R., Lieberman, M., Murphy, E., and Piwnica-Worms, D.: Effect of Sodium-Potassium Pump Inhibition and Low Sodium on Membrane Potential in Cultured Embryonic Chick Heart Cells, J Physiol 387, 549, 1987
Chicken Chick, embryonic, 11-12-day-old Myocytes Trypsin: 0.025%
 CMF solution Murphy, E., Aiton, J., Russell, C., and Lieberman, M.: Calcium Elevation in Cultured Heart Cells: Its Role in Cell Injury, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 245 (14), C316, 1983
Chicken Chick, 8 day embryo
(also rat, neonate and mouse)		 Myocytes Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%
 Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp Cell Res 53, 1, 1968
Chicken Hen, White Leghorn Heart Trypsin: 0.025%
 Medium 199 Dehann, R.: Regulation of Spontaneous Activity and Growth of Embryonic Chick Heart Cells in Tissue Culture, Dev Biol 16, 216, 1967
Chicken Chick embryos, 5 day Heart
Liver		 Trypsin: 3.0%
 Tyrode's solution, CMF Steinberg, M.: "ECM": Its Nature, Origin, And Function in Cell Aggregation, Exp Cell Res 30, 257, 1963
Feline Cat, mongrel, adult, 1.8-2.8 Kg Myocytes
Ventricular		 Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 Kreb's Henseleit, CF Silver, L., Hemwall, E., Marino, T., and Houser, S.: Isolation and Morphology of Calcium-Tolerant Feline Ventricular Myocytes, Am J Physiol 245, H891, 1983
Fish Zebrafish Cardiac Myocytes Protease XIV: 0.005%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.2%
Trypsin: 0.08%
 HEPES Fowler, E., Wang, N., Hezzell, M., Chanoit, G., Hancox, J. and Cannell, M.: Arrhythmogenic Late Ca2+ Sparks in Failing Heart Cells and Their Control by Action Potential Configuration, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117, 2687-2692, 2020
Fish Fish, Danio rerio Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
Collagenase Type 4: 0.5%
 MEM Sander, V., Sune, G., Jopling, C., Morera, C. and Belmonte J.: Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Primary Cardiomyocytes from Adult Zebrafish Hearts., Nat Protoc 8, 800-9, 2013
Frog Frog (Rana esculenta) Myocytes Trypsin: 0.04%
 CF Ringer Arrio-Dupont, M., and de Nay, D.: High Yield Preparation of Calcium-Tolerant Myocytes From Frog Ventricles, Biol Cell 54, 164, 1985
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, male, 350-400g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.4%
 Tyrodes solution Wang, Y., Geng, J., Jiang, M., Li, C., Han, Y and Jiang, J.: The Cardiac Electrophysiology Effects of Higenamine in Guinea Pig Heart, Biomed Pharmacother 109, 2348, 2019
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 100 u/ml
 M-199 Zorn-Pauly, K., Schaffer, P., Pelzmann, B., Bernhart, E., Lang, P., and Koidl, B.: L-type and T-type Ca2+ current in cultured ventricular guinea pig myocytes, Physiol Res 53(4), 369, 2004
Guinea-Pig Guinea-Pig Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 100-200 u/ml
 See reference Dhamoon, A, Pandit, S., Sarmast, F., Parisian, K., Guha, P., Li, Y., Bagwe, S., Taffet, S. and Anumonwo, J.: Unique Kir2.x Properties Determine Regional and Species Differences in the Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Current., Circ Res 94, 1332-9, 2004
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, female, 300-350g Coronary endothelial Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 see reference Buxton I L, Kaiser R A, Oxhorn B C, Cheek D J: Evidence supporting the Nucleotide Axis Hypothesis: ATP release and metabolism by coronary endothelium, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281, H1657-66, 2001
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, 250-450 g Endothelial Collagenase Type 2: 0.15%
 Perfusing solution
(see reference)		 Preisig-Muller, R., Mederos Y Schnitzler, M., Derst, C., and Daut J.: Separation of Cardiomyocytes and Coronary Endothelial Cells for Cell-Specific RT-PCR, Am J Physiol 277, H413, 1999
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, male, 450-600 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.02%
 Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer Stemmer, P., Akera,T., Brody, T., Rardon, D., and Watanabe, A.: Isolation and Enrichment of Ca2+-Tolerant Myocytes for Biochemical Experiments from Guinea-Pig Heart, Life Sci 44, 1231, 1989
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.04%
 Tyrode solution, CF Ishihara, K., Mitsuiye, T., Noma, A., and Takano, M.: The Mg2+ Block and Intrinsic Gating Underlying Inward Rectification of the K+ Current in Guinea-Pig Cardiac Myocytes, J Physiol 419, 297, 1989
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.10%
 Bicarbonate buffer, CF Bridge, J., Spitzer, K., and Ershler, P.: Relaxation of Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by a Voltage-Dependent, Science 241, 823, 1988
Human Human Cardiac Collagenase: 0.045%
Pancreatin: 0.1%
 DPBS Holt-Casper, D., Theisen, J., Moreno, A., Warren, M., Silva, F., Grainger, D., Bull, D. and Patel, A.: Novel Xeno-free Human Heart Matrix-Derived Three-Dimensional Scaffolds., J Transl Med 13, 194, 2015
Human Human Cardiospheres Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Neutral Protease: 0.08%
Trypsin: 0.05%
 Iscove modified DMEM Sharma, S., Mishra, R., Simpson, D., Wehman, B., Colletti, E., Deshmukh, S., Datla, S., Balachandran, K., Guo, Y., Chen, L., Siddiqui, O., Kaushal, S. and Kaushal, S.: Cardiosphere-Derived Cells From Pediatric End-Stage Heart Failure Patients Have Enhanced Functional Activity Due to the Heat Shock Response Regulating the Secretome., Stem Cells 33, 1213-29, 2015
Human Human Cardiac stem Collagenase Type 2: 0.25%
 Joklik modified Eagle’s Avolio, E., Gianfranceschi, G., Cesselli, D., Caragnano, A., Athanasakis, E., Katare, R., Meloni, M., Palma, A., Barchiesi, A., Vascotto, C., Toffoletto, B., Mazzega, E., Finato, N., Aresu, G. and Livi, U.: Ex vivo Molecular Rejuvenation Improves the Therapeutic Activity of Senescent Human Cardiac Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction., Stem Cells 32, 2373, 2014
Human Human Atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 286 u/ml
Protease: 5 u/ml
 see references Voigt, N., Zhou, X. and Dobrev, D.: Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents., J Vis Exp , e50235, 2013
Human Human Cardiac Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 DMEM Vukusic, K., Jonsson, M., Brantsing, C., Dellgren, G., Jeppsson, A., Lindahl, A. and Asp, J.: High Density Sphere Culture of Adult Cardiac Cells Increases the Levels of Cardiac and Progenitor Markers and Shows Signs of Vasculogenesis., Biomed Res Int 2013, , 2013
Human Human Myofibers Collagenase Type 1: 0.3%
 see reference Anderson, E., Rodriguez, E., Anderson, C., Thayne, K., Chitwood, W. and Kypson, A.: Increased Propensity for Cell Death in Diabetic Human Heart is Mediated by Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathways., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300, H118, 2011
Human Human Atrial cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 286 u/ml
Protease: 5 u/ml
 see reference Voigt, N., Makary, S., Nattel, S. and Dobrev, D.: Voltage-Clamp-Based Methods for the Detection of Constitutively Active Acetylcholine-Gated I(K,ACh) Channels in the Diseased Heart., Methods Enzymol 484, 653, 2010
Human Human Coronary artery smooth muscle Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.05%
 DMEM Jensen, B., Swigart, P., Laden, M., DeMarco, T., Hoopes, C. and Simpson, P.: The Alpha-1D Is the Predominant Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries., J Am Coll Cardiol 54, 1137, 2009
Human Human Smooth muscle aortic Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.025%
 DMEM Mathew, S., Tustison, K., Sugatani, T., Chaudhary, L., Rifas, L. and Hruska, K.: The Mechanism of Phosphorus as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in CKD., J Am Soc Nephrol 19, 1092, 2008
Human Human (n=16, age: 60 &plusmin;3 years) Myocardial Hyaluronidase: 0.05%
 Medium 199 Mukerjee, R., Multani, M., Sample, J., Dowdy, K., Zellner, J., Hoover, D., and Spinale, F.: Effects of adrenomedullin on human myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic response, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 (4), 235, 2002
Human Human Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.025%
Protease XIV: 0.013%
 HEPES solution Todor Anastassia, Sharov Victor G, Tanhehco Elaine J, Silverman Norman, Bernabei Alvise, Sabbah Hani N: Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283, H990-5, 2002
Human Human Heart
Myocytes		 Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Hoppe, U., Jansen, E., Sudkamp, M., and Beukelmann, D.: Hyperpolarization-Activated Inward Current in Ventricular Myocytes From Normal and Failing Human Hearts, Circulation 97, 55, 1998
Human Human Cardiomyocytes and endothelial Trypsin: 0.2%
Collagenase: 0.1%
 PBS Shirai, T., Rao, V., Weisel, R., Ikonomidis, J., Li, R., Tumiati, L., Merante, F. and Mickle, D.: Preconditioning Human Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 115, 210-9, 1998
Human Human Atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Protease Type XIV: 0.04%
 see reference Van Wagoner, D., Pond, A., McCarthy, P., Trimmer, J. and Nerbonne, J.: Outward K+ Current Densities and Kv1.5 Expression are Reduced in Chronic Human Atrial Fibrillation., Circ Res 80, 772-81, 1997
Human Human, fetal, 14.5 week gestation Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 HBSS with Calcium Goldman, B., and Wurzel, J.: Effects of Subcultivation and Culture Medium on Differentiation of Human Fetal Cardiac Myocytes, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28, 109, 1992
Human Human, both sexes, 18-81 years Myocardial
Atrial		 Collagenase: 0.14%
 HBSS, CMF Smith, D., Glover, J., Townsend, L., and Maupin, E.: A Method for the Harvest, Culture, and Characterization of Human Adult Atrial Myocardial Cells: Correlation with Age of Donor, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 914, 1991
Human Human, adult Myocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 Joklik's MEM Bugaisky, L.B.: Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,Isolation and Culture of Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark,Decker,Borg,eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., , 1988
Human Human Thoracic aorta Collagenase: 0.2%
 Phosphate buffer w/NaCl Hassler, O., Wiren, M., and Herbertsson, S.: The Elastic Coat of the Arterial Wall Studied with the Aid of Collagenase, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 57, 15, 1963
Invertebrate Octopus, E. cirhosa, 260-352 g Systemic heart cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.025%
Trypsin: 0.02%
 see reference Altimiras J., Hove-Madsen L., and Gesser H.: Ca(2+) Uptake in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum from the Systemic Heart of Octopod Cephalopods, J Exp Biol 202, 2531, 1999
Mouse Mouse, male, 12-18 week Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Protease XIV: 0.004%
 Perfusion solution (see reference) Jian, Z, Chen, Y, Shimkunas, R, Jian, Y, Jaradeh, M, Chavez, K, Chiamvimonvat, N, Tardiff, J, Izu, L, Ross, R and Chen-Izu, Y: In Vivo Cannulation Methods for Cardiomyocytes Isolation from Heart Disease Models., PLoS ONE 11, e0160605, 2016
Mouse Mouse Aortic Collagenase Type 1: 400 u/ml
Collagenase: 120 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 60 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 60 u/ml
 DPBS Hu, D., Yin, C., Mohanta, S., Weber, C. and Habenicht, A.: Prepartaion of Single Cell Suspensions from Mouse Aorta, Bio Protoc 6, 11, 2016
Mouse Mouse, 4-6 week Cardiospheres Collagenase Type 2: 0.4%
Neutral Protease: 0.4%
 PBS Xu, J., Lee, Y., Ran, X., Liao, S., Yang, J., Au, K., Lai, W., Esteban, M., Tse, H.: Generation of Induced Cardiospheres via Reprogramming of Skin Fibroblasts for Myocardial Regeneration., Stem Cells 34, 2693-2706, 2016
Mouse Mouse, 15-30 gm Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 see reference Henn, M., Janjua, M., Kanter, E., Makepeace, C., Schuessler, R., Nichols, C. and Lawton, J.: Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Kir Subunits Implicated in Cardioprotection by Diazoxide., J Am Heart Assoc 4, , 2015
Mouse Mouse, 3-4 week Cardiac progenitor Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 DMEM Wang, H., Chen, H., Feng, B., Wang, X., He, X., Hu, R., Yin, M., Wang, W., Fu, W. and Xu, Z.: Isolation and Characterization of a Sca-1+/CD31- Progenitor Cell Lineage Derived From Mouse Heart Tissue., BMC Biotechnol 14, 75, 2014
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiac Progenitor Collagenase Type 2: 600 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 60 u/ml
 MEM Santos Nascimento, D, Mosqueira, D, Sousa, L, Teixeira, M, Filipe, M, Resende, T, Araujo, A, Valente, M, Almeida, J, Martins, J, Santos, J, Barcia, R, Cruz, P, Cruz, H and Pinto-d-O, P: Human Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuate Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Proangiogenic, Antiapoptotic, and Endogenous Cell-Activation Mechanisms., Stem Cell Res Ther 5, 5, 2014
Mouse Mouse Cardiac progenitor Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Neutral Protease: 2.4 u/ml
 HBSS Zafiriou, M., Noack, C., Unsold, B., Didie, M., Pavlova, E., Fischer, H., Reichardt, H., Bergmann, M., El-Armouche, A., Zimmermann, W., Zelarayan, L.: Erythropoietin Responsive Cardiomyogenic Cells Contribute to Heart Repair Post Myocardial Infarction., Stem Cells 32, 2480, 2014
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 see reference Kohncke, C. Lisewski, U., Schleussner, L., Gaertner, C., Reichert, S. and Roepke, T.: Isolation and Kv Channel Recordings in Murine Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 73, e50145, 2013
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 MEM Hennessey, J., Wei, E. and Pitt, G.: Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors Modulate Cardiac Calcium Channels., Circ Res 113, 381-8, 2013
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 360 u/ml
Papain: 0.4 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 40 u/ml
 L-15 Touchberry, C., Green, T., Tchikrizov, V., Mannix, J., Mao, T., Carney, B., Girgis, M., Vincent, R., Wetmore, L., Dawn, B., Bonewald, L., Stubbs, J. and Wacker, M.: FGF23 is a Novel Regulator of Intracellular Calcium and Cardiac Contractility in Addition to Cardiac Hypertrophy., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304, E863, 2013
Mouse Mouse Cardiac endothelial Collagenase Type 4: 0.2%
Neutral Protease: 1.2 u/ml
 PBS Pratumvinit, B., Reesukumal, K., Janebodin, K., Ieronimakis, N. and Reyes, M.: Isolation, Characterization, and Transplantation of Cardiac Endothelial Cells., Biomed Res Int 2013, 359412, 2013
Mouse Mouse, 2-6 month Sinoatrial node Collagenase Type 2: 229 u/ml
Elastase: 1.9 u/ml
Protease Type XIV: 0.9 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Christel, C., Cardona, N., Mesirca, P., Herrmann, S., Hofmann, F., Striessnig, J., Ludwig, A., Mangoni, M. and Lee, A.: Distinct Localization and Modulation of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Sinoatrial Node., J Physiol 590, 6327, 2012
Mouse Mouse, male, 8-25 week Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 59 u/ml
 MEM Carley, A. and Kleinfeld, A.: Fatty Acid (FFA) Transport in Cardiomyocytes Revealed by Imaging Unbound FFA is Mediated by an FFA Pump Modulated by the CD36 Protein., J Biol Chem 286, 4589-97, 2011
Mouse Mouse Aortic adventitial leukocytes Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5.6 u/ml
 PBS Butcher, M., Herre, M., Ley, K. and Galkina, E.: Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas., J Vis Exp 53, e2828, 2011
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.4%
Protease Type XIV: 0.004-.02%
 see reference Flynn, J., Santana, L. and Melov, S.: Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 58, e3302, 2011
Mouse Mouse, male, 6 week Coronary endothelial cells Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Neutral Protease: 0.6 u/ml
 M199 Makino, A., Suarez, J., Wang, H., Belke, D., Scott, B. and Dillmann, W.: Thyroid Hormone Receptor-beta is Associated With Coronary Angiogenesis During Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy., Endocrinology 150, 2008, 2009
Mouse Mouse, adult Ventricular myoctes Collagenase: 0.1%
 M199 Zhang, Y, Kanter, E., Laing, J., Aprhys, C., Johns, D., Kardami, E. and Yamada, K.: Connexin43 Expression Levels Influence Intercellular Coupling and Cell Proliferation of Native Murine Cardiac Fibroblasts., Cell Commun Adhes 15, 289, 2008
Mouse Mouse, adult, 9-13 week Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 620 u/ml
Protease XIV: 0.104 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.0015%
 Myocyte buffer see reference Kabaeva, Z., Zhao, M. and Michele, D.: Blebbistatin Extends Culture Life of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes and Allows Efficient and Stable Transgene Expression., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294, H1667-74, 2008
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: see reference
 HBSS O'Connell Timothy D, Rodrigo Manoj C, Simpson Paul C: Isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes, Methods Mol Biol 357, 271-96, 2007
Mouse Mouse Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5 u/ml
 F10 Ham Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J Am Coll Cardiol 49, 706, 2007
Mouse Mouse, adult, 6-12 week Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Trypsin: 0.006%
Protease XIV: 0.006%
 see reference Shioya, T: A Simple Technique for Isolating Healthy Heart Cells from Mouse Models., J Physiol Sci 57, 327-35, 2007
Mouse Mouse Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
Papain: 0.175%
 Krebs-Ringer Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J Physiol 575, 627-44, 2006
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.17%
 PBS Chen, H., Yong, W., Ren, S., Shen, W., He, Y., Cox, K., Zhu, W., Li, W., Soonpaa, M., Payne, RM, Franco, D., Field, L., Rosen, V., Wang, Y. and Shou, W.: Overexpression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10 in Myocardium Disrupts Cardiac Postnatal Hypertrophic Growth., J Biol Chem 281, 27481, 2006
Mouse Mouse, neonatal Cardiomyoctes Collagenase Type 1: 150 u/ml
Trypsin: 0.01%
 M199 Takahashi N, Wang X, Tanabe S, Uramoto H, Jishage K, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Okada Y.: ClC-3-independent sensitivity of apoptosis to Cl- channel blockers in mouse cardiomyocytes, Cell Physiol Biochem 15, 263, 2005
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyoctes NCIS kit: per instructions
 EBSS Potts, Malia B., Vaughn, Allyson E., McDonough, Holly, Patterson, Cam, and Deshmukh, Mohanish: Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP, J Cell Biol 171, 925, 2005
Mouse Mouse Aortic endothelial Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 DMEM Kobayashi, M., Inoue, K., Warabi, E., Minami, T. and Kodama, T.: A Simple Method of Isolating Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells., J Atheroscler Thromb 12, 138, 2005
Mouse Mouse Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.0125%
 DMEM Fukumoto Yoshihiro, Deguchi Jun-o, Libby Peter, Rabkin-Aikawa Elena, Sakata Yasuhiko, Chin Michael T, Hill Christopher C, Lawler Patrick R, Varo Nerea, Schoen Frederick J, Krane Stephen M, Aikawa Masanori: Genetically determined resistance to collagenase action augments interstitial collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques, Circulation 110, 1953-9, 2004
Mouse Mouse, female, 14-18 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.02%
Elastase: 0.03%
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 see reference Zhang Sui, Wang Dachun, Estrov Zeev, Raj Sean, Willerson James T, Yeh Edward T H: Both cell fusion and transdifferentiation account for the transformation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells into cardiomyocytes in vivo, Circulation 110, 3803-7, 2004
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week Vascular smooth muscle Papain: 10 u/ml
Elastase: .005%
Collagenase: 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 1000 u/ml
PDS kit: with modifications
 EBSS Qian, Q., Hunter, L., Li, M., Marin-Padilla, M., Prakash, Y., Somlo, S., Harris, P., Torres, V., and Sieck, G.: Pkd2 Haploinsufficiency Alters Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Hum Mol Genet 12(15), 1875, 2003
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 DMEM/F-12 Rybkin, I., Markham, D., Yan, Z., Bassel-Duby, R., Williams, R., and Olson, E.: Conditional Expression of SV40 T-antigen in Mouse Cardiomyocytes Facilitates an Inducible Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation, J Biol Chem 278(18), 15927, 2003
Mouse Mouse, neonatal 2-4 day Atrial myocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Bettahi, I,, Marker, C., Roman, M., and Wickman, K.: Contribution of the Kir3.1 Subunit to the Muscarinic-gated Atrial Potassium Channel IKACh, J Biol Chem 277, 48282, 2002
Mouse Mouse, neonatal and adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.03-0.2%
 Joklik's MEM Schreiber, K., Paquet, L., Allen, B., and Rindt, H.: Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression and Activity in the Mouse Heart, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281(5), H2062, 2001
Mouse Mouse, NTg and Tg, 8 - 12 week Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 Joklik's MEM Nelson, D., Setser, E., Hall, D., Schwartz, S., Hewitt, T., Klevitsky, R., Osinska, H., Bellgrau, D., Duke, R., and Robbins, J.: Proinflammatory Consequences of Transgenic Fas Ligand Expression in the Heart, J Clin Invest 105 (9), 1199, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 1-6 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.002%
 PBS Watzka SB, Lucien J, Shimada M, Edwards V, Yeger H, Hannigan G, and Coles JG.: Selection of viable cardiomyocytes for cell transplantation using three-dimensional tissue culture, Transplantation 70, 1310, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 2-4 mo Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Collagenase Type 4: 0.05%
Protease XIV: 0.002%
 MEM Zhou YY, Wang SQ, Zhu WZ, Chruscinski A, Kobilka BK, Ziman B, Wang S, Lakatta EG, Cheng H, Xiao RP: Culture and adenoviral infection of adult mouse cardiac myocytes: methods for cellular genetic physiology, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H429-36, 2000
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 Joklik's MEM Christensen G, Minamisawa S, Gruber PJ, Wang Y, Chien KR: High-efficiency, long-term cardiac expression of foreign genes in living mouse embryos and neonates, Circulation 101, 178-84, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 1-3 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 FBS-MEM Wang, G., and Kang, Y.: Inhibition of Doxorubicin Toxicity in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes with Elevated Metallothionein Levels, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288(3), 938, 1999
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Lader, A., Kwiatkowski, D., and Cantiello, H.: Role of Gelsolin in the Actin Filament Regulation of Cardiac L-type Calcium Channels, Am J Physiol 277, C1277, 1999
Mouse Mouse, 3-7 month Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase: see reference
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: 0.05%
 DMEM Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH: Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation, Mol Biol Cell 10, 1569-79, 1999
Mouse Mouse (BALB/c), adult Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%
 Tyrode's solution Felzen, B., Shilkrut, M., Less, H., Sarapov, I., Maor, G., Coleman, R., Robinson, R., et al.: Fas (CD95/Apo-1)-Mediated Damage to Ventricular Myocytes Induced by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Perforin-Deficient Mice, Circ Res 82, 438, 1998
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Lader, A., Xiao, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Cui, Y., Vatner, D., Vatner, S., Homcy, C., Cantiello, H.: Cardiac Gsalpha Overexpression Enhances L-type Calcium Channels Through an Adenylyl Cyclase Independent Pathway, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 9669, 1998
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 75 u/ml
Collagenase Type 2: 75 u/ml
 Joklik's MEM Grupp, I., Lorenz, J., Walsh, R., Boivin, G. and Rindt, H.: Overexpression of Alpha1B-Adrenergic Receptor Induces Left Ventricular Dysfunction in the Absence of Hypertrophy., Am J Physiol 275, H1338-50, 1998
Mouse Mouse, P0-P1 Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.045%
 DMEM, Medium 199 Arber, S., Hunter, J., Ross, J., Hongo, M., Sansig, G., Borg, J., Perriard, J., Chien, K., and Caroni, P.: MLP-Deficient Mice Exhibit a Disruption of Cardiac Cytoarchitectural Organization, Dilated Cadiomyopathy, and Heart Failure, Cell 88, 393, 1997
Mouse Mouse, 6-9 or 21-41 day Ventricular and atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 172.5 u/ml
Trypsin: 0.002%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 60u/ml
 DMEM/Tyrodes Valenzuela, D., Han, X., Mende, U., Fankhauser, C., Mashimo, H., Huang, P., Pfeffer, J., Neer, E., and Fishman, M.: G alpha(o) is Necessary for Muscarinic Regulation of Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Heart, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(5), 1727, 1997
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocyte Collagenase: 0.17 %
 PBS Soonpaa, M., Kim, K., Pajak, aL., Franklin, M., and Field, L.: Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesis and Binucleation During Murine Development, Am J Physiol 271, H2183, 1996
Mouse Mouse embryos Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 DMEM Wobus, A., Kleppisch, T., Maltsev, V., and Hescheler, J.: Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells Differentiated In Vitro From Embryonic Carcinoma Cells P19 are Characterized by Functional Expression of Adrenoceptors and Ca2+ Channels, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30A, 425, 1994
Mouse Mouse
(also rat, neonate and chick, 8 day embryo)		 Myocytes Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%
 Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp Cell Res 53, 1, 1968
Ovine Ovine Atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.055%
Protease XIV: 0.006%
 Tyrode's solution Voigt, N., Pearman, C., Dobrev, D. and Dibb, K.: Methods for Isolating Atrial Cells from Large Mammals and Humans., J Mol Cell Cardiol 86, 187-98, 2015
Ovine Ovine Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.055%
Protease Type XIV: 0.006%
 See reference Dibb, K., Clarke, J., Horn, M., Richards, M., Graham, H., Eisner, D. and Trafford, A.: Characterization of an Extensive Transverse Tubular Network in Sheep Atrial Myocytes and its Depletion in Heart Failure., Circ Heart Fail 2, 482-9, 2009
Ovine Ovine Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 100-200 u/ml
 See reference Dhamoon, A, Pandit, S., Sarmast, F., Parisian, K., Guha, P., Li, Y., Bagwe, S., Taffet, S. and Anumonwo, J.: Unique Kir2.x Properties Determine Regional and Species Differences in the Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Current., Circ Res 94, 1332-9, 2004
Porcine Porcine Aortic smooth muscle and intersitial cells Collagenase: 600 u/ml
 PBS Butcher, J. and Nerem, R.: Porcine Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture: Comparison of Phenotype with Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells., J Heart Valve Dis 13, 478, 2004
Porcine Porcine Coronary vascular smooth muscle (PCVSMCs) Trypsin: 0.037%
 HEPES Christ, M., Gunther, A., Heck, M., Schmidt, B., Falkenstein, E., and Wehling, M.: Aldosterone, Not Estradiol, Is the Physiological Agonist for Rapid Increases in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Circulation 99, 1485, 1999
Porcine Miniature swine, adult, female, 25-40 kg, familiarized with treadmill exercise Coronary smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 Krebs bicarbonate solution Bowles, D., Hu, Q., Laughlin, M., and Sturek, M.: Exercise Training Increases L-type Calcium Current Density in Coronary Smooth Muscle, Am J Physiol 275 (44), H2159, 1998
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, 3-3.5 kg Cardiac Myocytes Protease XIV: 0.005%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.2%
Trypsin: 0.08%
 HEPES Fowler, E., Wang, N., Hezzell, M., Chanoit, G., Hancox, J. and Cannell, M.: Arrhythmogenic Late Ca2+ Sparks in Failing Heart Cells and Their Control by Action Potential Configuration, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117, 2687-2692, 2020
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, 2.3-2.9 kg Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.05%
Hyaluronidase: see reference
Protease: see reference
 Krebs-Henseleit Farkas, A., Acsai, K., Nagy, N., Toth, A., Fulop, F., Seprenyi, G., Birinyi, P., Nanasi, P., Forster, T., Csanady, M., Papp, J., Varrro, A. and Farkas, A.: Na(+)/Ca(2+) Exchanger Inhibition Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in the Rat Heart, but Fails to Influence the Contractility of the Rabbit Heart., Br J Pharmacol 154, 93, 2008
Rabbit Rabbit Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5 u/ml
 F10 Ham Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J Am Coll Cardiol 49, 706, 2007
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, 2 kg Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts Collagenase: 0.06%
 Medium 199 Driesen Ronald B, Dispersyn Gerrit D, Verheyen Fons K, van den Eijnde Stefan M, Hofstra Leo, Thone Fred, Dijkstra Petra, Debie Wiel, Borgers Marcel, Ramaekers Frans C S: Partial cell fusion: a newly recognized type of communication between dedifferentiating cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, Cardiovasc Res 68, 37-46, 2005
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand White, 2-3 kg Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 HEPES Spitzer, K., Ershler, P., Skolnick, R., and Vaughan-Jones, R.: Generation of Intracellular pH Gradients in Single Cardiac Myocytes with a Microperfusion System, Am J Physiol 278, H1371, 2000
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, white, either sex Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 EGTA-KB Sedarat, F., Xu, L., Moore, E., and Tibbits, G.: Colocalization of Dihydropyridine and Ryanodine Receptors in Neonate Rabbit Heart Using Confocal Microscopy, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H202, 2000
Rabbit Rabbit, adult 1.5-2.5 kg Tricuspid valve cells Collagenase: 0.8 mg/ml
 HEPES Tyrode solution Anumonwo JM, Delmar M, and Jalife J.: Electrophysiology of single heart cells from the rabbit tricuspid valve, J Physiol 425, 145, 1990
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, white, male, 2-3 kg Cardiomyocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.5%
 Eagle's MEM Buxton, I., and Brunton, L.: Compartments of Cyclic AMP and Protein Kinase in Mammalian Cardiomyocytes, J Biol Chem 258 (17), 10233, 1983
Rabbit Rabbit, adult, 2 kg Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.007%
 Kreb's Ringer Dani, A., Cittadini, A., Flamini, G., Festuccia, G., and Terranova, T.: Preparation and Some Properties of Isolated Beating Myocytes from Adult Rabbit Heart, J Mol Cell Cardiol 9, 777, 1977
Rat Rat, adult Sinoatrial nodal Collagenase Type 4: 220 u/ml
Elastase: 1.4 u/ml
Protease: 0.45 u/ml
 Tyrode solution Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Yanni, J., Qureshi, M., Logantha, S., Kassab, S., Boyett, M., Gardiner, N., Sun, H., Howarth, F. and Dobrzynski, H.: Electrical Conduction System Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rat Heart., Front Physiol 10, 826, 2019
Rat Rat, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Protease Type XIV: 0.01%
 Tyrode solution Savi, M., Bocchi, L., Mena, P., Dall'Asta, M., Crozier, A., Brighenti, F., Stilli, D. and Del Rio, D.: In vivo Administration of Urolithin A and B Prevents the Occurrence of Cardiac Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats., Cardiovasc Diabetol 16, 80, 2017
Rat Rat, SD, 2 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml
 DMEM Abdul-Ghani, M., Suen, C., Jiang, B., Deng, Y., Weldrick, J., Putinski, C., Brunette, S., Fernando, P., Lee, T., Flynn, P., Leenen, F., Burgon, P. Stewart, D. and Megeney, L.: Cardiotrophin 1 Stimulates Beneficial Myogenic and Vascular Remodeling of the Heart., Cell Res 27, 1195-1215, 2017
Rat Rat, 250 g Fibroblasts Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
 DMEM Stoppel, W., Gao, A., Greaney, A., Partlow, B., Bretherton, R., Kaplan, D and Black, L: Elastic, Silk-Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Exhibit Time-Dependent Stiffening that Modulates Cardiac Fibroblast Response., J Biomed Mater Res A 104, 3058, 2016
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 MEM Xie, L., Pi, X., Townley-Tilson, WH., Li, N., Wehrens, X., Entman, M., Taffet, G., Mishra, A., Peng, J., Schisler, J., Meissner, G. and Patterson, C.: PHD2/3-dependent Hydroxylation Tunes Cardiac Response to β-adrenergic Stress via Phospholamban., J Clin Invest 125, 2759-71, 2015
Rat Rat, Wistar, 250-350g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 251 u/ml
 Tyrode solution Calderon-Sachez, E., Domi­nguez-Rodriguez, A., Lopez-Haldon, J., Jimenez-Navarro, M., Gomez, A., Smani, T. and Ordonez, A.: Cardioprotective Effect of Ranolazine in the Process of Ischemia-reperfusion in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes., Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) , , 2015
Rat Rat, SD, 8-10 week Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 0.08%
Pronase: 0.004%
 Tyrode's Solution Lee, J., Ha, J. and Leem, C.: A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat., Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 19, 373-82, 2015
Rat Rat, SD, 1 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.025%
Collagenase Type 2: 1.0%
 HBSS Clark, A. and Naya, F.: MicroRNAs in the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2)-regulated Gtl2-Dio3 Noncoding RNA Locus Promote Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by Targeting the Transcriptional Coactivator Cited2., J Biol Chem 290, 23162-72, 2015
Rat Rat, SD, 2-3 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 DMEM Fang, R, Qiao, S., Liu, Y., Meng, Q., Chen, X., Song, B., Hou, X. and Tian, W.: Sustained Co-Delivery of BIO and IGF-1 by a Novel Hybrid Hydrogel System to Stimulate Endogenous Cardiac Repair in Myocardial Infarcted Rat Hearts., Int J Nanomedicine 10, 4691-703, 2015
Rat Rat, SD Valve interstitial cells Collagenase Type 2: 600 u/ml
 DMEM Horne, T., VandeKopple, M., Sauls, K., Koenig, S., Anstine, L., Garg, V., Norris, R. and Lincoln, J.: Dynamic Heterogeneity of the Heart Valve Interstitial Cell Population in Mitral Valve Health and Disease, J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2, 214, 2015
Rat Rat, SD, 3-4 month Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 DMEM Liu, L., Wang, Y., Cao, Z., Wang, M., Liu, X., Gao, T., Hu, Q., Yuan, W. and Lin, L.: Up-regulated TLR4 in Cardiomyocytes Exacerbates Heart Failure after Long-Term Myocardial Infarction., J Cell Mol Med 19, 2728, 2015
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 HBSS Song, D., Lee, K., Ryu, J., Jeon, H. and Kim, D.: The Molecular Interaction of Heart LIM Protein (HLP) with RyR2 and Caveolin-3 is Essential for Ca(2+)-Induced Ca(2+) Release in the Heart., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 463, 975-81, 2015
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2: 220 u/ml
 HBSS Zhang, B., Montgomery, M., Davenport-Huyer, L., Korolj, A. and Radisic, M.: Platform Technology for Scalable Assembly of Instantaneously Functional Mosaic Tissues., Sci. Adv. 1, e1500423, 2015
Rat Rat, Wistar, 200g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml
Protease: 0.1 u/ml
 HEPES Miller, L., Greensmith, D., Sankaranarayanan, R., O'Neill, S. and Eisner D.: The Effect of 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ) on Intracellular Ca2+ Handling in Rat Ventricular Myocytes., Cell Calcium 58, 208-14, 2015
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 DMEM/F-12 Rutering, J., Ilmer, M., Recio, A., Coleman, M., Vykoukal, J. and Alt, E.: Improved Method for Isolation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes with Increased Yield of C-Kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells., J Stem Cell Res Ther 5, 1-8, 2015
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Sakurai, T., Lanahan, A., Woolls, M., Li, N., Tirziu, D. and Murakami, M.: Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy., J Vis Exp , e51666, 2014
Rat Rat, adult, 300-370 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 KH buffer Chouchani, E., Pell, V., Gaude, E., Aksentijevic, D., Sundier, S., Robb, E., Logan, A., Nadtochiy, S., Ord, E., Smith, A., Eyassu, F., Shirley, R., Hu, C., Dare, A., James, A. and Rogatti, S.: Ischaemic Accumulation of Succinate Controls Reperfusion Injury Through Mitochondrial ROS., Nature 515, 431-435, 2014
Rat Rat Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 MEM Hennessey, J., Wei, E. and Pitt, G.: Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors Modulate Cardiac Calcium Channels., Circ Res 113, 381-8, 2013
Rat Rat, Wistar, 175-200g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 see reference Eckerle, L., Felix, S. and Herda, L.: Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 73, e4237, 2013
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2: 220 u/ml
 DMEM Zhang, B., Green, J., Murthy, S. and Radisic, M.: Label-Free Enrichment of Functional Cardiomyocytes using Microfluidic Deterministic Lateral Flow Displacement., PLoS ONE 7, e37619, 2012
Rat Rat, adult Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 Medium 199 Karakikes, I., Hadri, L., Rapti, K., Ladage, D., Ishikawa, K., Tilemann, L., Yi, G., Morel, C., Gwathmey, J., Zsebo, K., Weber, T., Kawase, Y. and Hajjar, R.: Concomitant Intravenous Nitroglycerin with Intracoronary Delivery of AAV1.SERCA2a Enhances Gene Transfer in Porcine Hearts., Mol Ther 20, 565, 2012
Rat Rat, 3 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
 PBS Ye, K., Sullivan, K. and Black, L.: Encapsulation of Cardiomyocytes in a Fibrin Hydrogel for Cardiac Tissue Engineering., J Vis Exp 55, 3251, 2011
Rat Rat, SD, male Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.056%
 Krebs Mellor, K., Bell, J., Wendt, I., Davidoff, A., Ritchie, R. and Delbridge, L.: Fructose Modulates Cardiomyocyte Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Ca Handling In Vitro., PLoS ONE 6, e25204, 2011
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Dittami, G., Rajguru, S., Lasher, R., Hitchcock, R. and Rabbitt, R.: Intracellular Calcium Transients Evoked by Pulsed Infrared Radiation in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes., J Physiol 589, 1295-306, 2011
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.07%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 DMEM/M199 Guan, X., Delo, D., Atala, A. and Soker, S.: In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells., J Tissue Eng Regen Med 5, 220, 2011
Rat Rat, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.025%
 see reference Louch, W., Sheehan, K. and Wolska, B.: Methods in Cardiomyocyte Isolation, Culture, and Gene Transfer., J Mol Cell Cardiol 51, 288-98, 2011
Rat Rat, Wistar, male Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Brinckmann, M., Kaschina, E., Altarche-Xifro, W., Curato, C., Timm, M., Grzesiak, A., Dong, J., Kappert, K., Kintscher, U., Unger, T. and Li, J.: Estrogen Receptor Alpha Supports Cardiomyocytes Indirectly Through Post-Infarct Cardiac c-kit+ Cells., J Mol Cell Cardiol 47, 66, 2009
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Smith, M., Huang, Y. and Deshmukh, M.: Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Evokes Endogenous XIAP to Restrict the Apoptotic Pathway., PLoS ONE 4, e5097, 2009
Rat Rat, adult Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Protease XIV: 0.02%
 Media 199 Xu, X. and Colecraft, H.: Primary Culture of Adult Rat Heart Myocytes., J Vis Exp 28, 1308, 2009
Rat Rat, SD, 200-250 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.05%
Hyaluronidase: see reference
Protease: see reference
 Krebs-Henseleit Farkas, A., Acsai, K., Nagy, N., Toth, A., Fulop, F., Seprenyi, G., Birinyi, P., Nanasi, P., Forster, T., Csanady, M., Papp, J., Varrro, A. and Farkas, A.: Na(+)/Ca(2+) Exchanger Inhibition Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in the Rat Heart, but Fails to Influence the Contractility of the Rabbit Heart., Br J Pharmacol 154, 93, 2008
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Kim, M., Oh, J., Sakata, S., Liang, I., Park, W., Hajjar, R. and Lebeche, D.: Role of Resistin in Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy., J Mol Cell Cardiol 45, 270, 2008
Rat Rat, SD, 2 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 DMEM/F-12 Jang, J., Ku, S., Kim, J., Choi, K., Kim, Y., Kim, H., Oh, S., Lee, E., Cho, H., Song, Y., Lee, S., Lee, S., Suh, C., Kim, S., Moon, S. and Choi, Y.: Notch Inhibition Promotes Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Mesoderm Differentiation., Stem Cells 26, 2782, 2008
Rat Rat, SD, male, 225-250g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 J-MEM Kubli, D., Quinsay, M., Huang, C., Lee, Y., Gustafsson, A.: Bnip3 Functions as a Mitochondrial Sensor of Oxidative Stress During Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295, H2025, 2008
Rat Rat, 2-3 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Pancreatin: 0.1%
 DMEM LaFramboise, W., Scalise, D., Stoodley, P., Graner, S., Guthrie, R., Magovern, J and Becich, M.: Cardiac Fibroblasts Influence Cardiomyocyte Phenotype in Vitro., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C1799-808, 2007
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Robinet, A., Millart, H., Oszust, F., Hornebeck, W. and Bellon, G.: Binding of Elastin Peptides to S-Gal Protects the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Triggering the RISK Pathway., FASEB J 21, 1968, 2007
Rat Rat Ventricular fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.06%
Collagenase: 100 u/ml
 ADS Buffer:see reference Jenkins, C., Milsted, A., Doane, K., Meszaros, G., Toot, J. and Ely, D.: A Cell Culture Model using Rat Coronary Artery Adventitial Fibroblasts to Measure Collagen Production., BMC Cardiovasc Disord 7, 13, 2007
Rat Rat, SD, 300-350 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Hyaluronidase: 0.02%
 DMEM Niederbichler Andreas D, Hoesel Laszlo M, Westfall Margaret V, Gao Hongwei, Ipaktchi Kyros R, Sun Lei, Zetoune Firas S, Su Grace L, Arbabi Saman, Sarma J Vidya, Wang StewartC, Hemmila MarkR, Ward PeterA: An essential role for complement C5a in the pathogenesis of septic cardiac dysfunction, J Exp Med 203, 53-61, 2006
Rat Rat, SD, male Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 0.13%
Hyaluronidase: 0.06%
 DMEM Stagg Mark A, Coppen Steven R, Suzuki Ken, Varela-Carver Anabel, Lee Joon, Brand Nigel J, Fukushima Satsuki, Yacoub Magdi H, Terracciano Cesare M: Evaluation of frequency, type, and function of gap junctions between skeletal myoblasts overexpressing connexin43 and cardiomyocytes: relevance to cell transplantation, FASEB J 20, 744-6, 2006
Rat Rat, SD, 200-250 g Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
Papain: 0.175%
 Krebs-Ringer Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J Physiol 575, 627-44, 2006
Rat Rat, Wistar, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Butler, T., Au, C., Yang, B., Egan, J., Tan, Y., Hardeman, E., North, K., Verkman, A. and Winlaw, D.: Cardiac Aquaporin Expression in Humans, Rats, and Mice., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291, H705, 2006
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/F-12 Pedram, A., Razandi, M., Aitkenhead, M., and Levin, E: Estrogen Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in vitro. Antagonism of Calcineurin-related Hypertrophy through Induction of MCIP1, J Biol Chem 280, 26339, 2005
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 250 u/ml
 Cardioplegic solution Head, B., Patel, H., Roth, D., Lai, N., Niesman, I., Farquhar, M. and Insel, P.: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Components Localize in Both Sarcolemmal and Intracellular Caveolin-3-Associated Microdomains in Adult Cardiac Myocytes., J Biol Chem 280, 31036-44, 2005
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1-3 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Castillo, A., Ruzmetov, N., Harvey, K., Stillwell, W., Zaloga, G. and Siddiqui, R.: Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Protein Kinase C Translocation/Activation and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rat Cardiomyocytes., J Mol Genet Med 1, 18, 2005
Rat Rat, SD, 2-4 day Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.1%
Collagenase: 0.1%
 Medium 199 Entcheva, E., Bien, H, Yin L., Chung, C., Farrell, M., and Kostov, Y.: Functional Cardiac Cell Constructs on Cellulose-based Scaffolding, Biomaterials 25(26), 5753, 2004
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Muller-Bore, B., Cascio, W., Anderson, P., Snowwaert, J., Frye, J., Desai, N., Esch, G., Brackham, J., Bagnell, C., Coleman, W., Grisham, J., and Malouf, N.: Adult-derived Liver Stem Cells Acquire a Cardiomyocyte Structural and Functional Phenotype ex vivo, Am J Pathol 165, 135, 2004
Rat Rat,1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM Natarajan AR, Rong Q, Katchman AN, and Ebert SN.: Intrinsic cardiac catecholamines help maintain beating activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures, Pediatr Res 56, 411, 2004
Rat Rat, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 F-10 Chen, Z., Ge, Y., and Kang J.: Down-regulation of the M6P/IGF-II Receptor Increases Cell Proliferation and Reduces Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes, BMC Cell Biol 5, 15, 2004
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiac myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
 HBSS Chen Hsiao-Huei, Mullett Steven J, Stewart Alexandre F R: Vgl-4, a novel member of the vestigial-like family of transcription cofactors, regulates alpha1-adrenergic activation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes, J Biol Chem 279, 30800-6, 2004
Rat Rat, male, 250-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.03%
Protease: 0.01%
 HBSS Hunton DaciaL, Zou LuYun, Pang Yi, Marchase Richard B: Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286, H1124-32, 2004
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 DMEM Tamamori-Adachi, M., Hayashida, K., Nobori, K., Omizu, C., Yamada, K., Sakamoto, N., Kamura, T., Fukuda, K., Ogawa, S., Nakayama, K. and Kitajima, S.: Down-Regulation of p27 Promotes Cell Proliferation of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induced by Nuclear Expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, J Biol Chem 2279, 50429, 2004
Rat Rat, fetal or 3-day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 HEPES Tamamori-Adachi Mimi, Ito Hiroshi, Sumrejkanchanakij Piyamas, Adachi Susumu, Hiroe Michiaki, Shimizu Masato, Kawauchi Junya, Sunamori Makoto, Marumo Fumiaki, Kitajima Shigetaka, Ikeda Masa-Aki: Critical role of cyclin D1 nuclear import in cardiomyocyte proliferation, Circ Res 92, e12-9, 2003
Rat Rat, adult, 220-280g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 178 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
 Krebs-Henseleit, CF Gordon Jennifer M, Dusting Gregory J, Woodman Owen L, Ritchie Rebecca H: Cardioprotective action of CRF peptide urocortin against simulated ischemia in adult rat cardiomyocytes, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284, H330-6, 2003
Rat Rat, 50 g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
Trypsin: 0.002%
 Medium 199 Aberle II NS, and Ren J.: Experimental Assessment of the Role of Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Biol Proced Online 5, 1, 2003
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Li TS, Ito H, Kajiwara K, and Hamano K.: Long-term survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig expression and CD40 blockade, Circulation 108, 1760, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, 200-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05-0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Swift Luther, McHowat Jane, Sarvazyan Narine: Inhibition of membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 as a potential culprit of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, Cancer Res 63, 5992-8, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, 175-200g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.02%
 Krebs-Ringer Tardif Annie, Julien Nathalie, Chiasson Jean-Louis, Coderre Lise: Stimulation of glucose uptake by chronic vanadate pretreatment in cardiomyocytes requires PI 3-kinase and p38 MAPK activation, Am J Physiol/Endo 284, E1055-64, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, pregnant female Peritoneal mast Hyaluronidase: 100 u/ml
 DMEM (see reference) DeAlmeida, A., Mustin, D., Forman, M., Brower, G., Janicki, J., and Carver, W.: Effects of mast cells on the behavior of isolated heart fibroblasts: modulation of collagen remodeling and gene expression, J Cell Physiol 191, 51, 2002
Rat Rat, neonatal, adult, 17 day Ventricular cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.7-1%
 DMEM Lam ML, Bartoli M, and Claycomb WC.: The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as an experimental model to study adult cardiomyocyte gene expression, Mol Cell Biochem 229, 51, 2002
Rat Rat, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Yang Y, Liao H, Ke Q, Cai J, Xiao YF, and Morgan JP: Enhancement of nitric oxide production by methylecgonidine in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Br J Pharmacol 135, 188, 2002
Rat Rat, female, 250-300 g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Ringer solution Liu Qinghang, Hofmann Polly A: Antiadrenergic effects of adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated protein phosphatase 2a activation in the heart, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283, H1314-21, 2002
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml
 M199 Shimizu Tatsuya, Yamato Masayuki, Isoi Yuki, Akutsu Takumitsu, Setomaru Takeshi, Abe Kazuhiko, Kikuchi Akihiko, Umezu Mitsuo, Okano Teruo: Fabrication of pulsatile cardiac tissue grafts using a novel 3-dimensional cell sheet manipulation technique and temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces, Circ Res 90, e40, 2002
Rat Rat, male, 6-12 months old Cardiac myocytes Protease: 0.55 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Kitta, K., Day, R., Ikeda, T., and Suzuki, Y.: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Protects Cardiac Myocytes Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis, Free Radic Biol Med 31 (7), 902, 2001
Rat Rat, Harlan SD, pup Cardiomyocytes Trypsin:
DMEM/Ham's F-12 Schwartzbauer, G., and Robbins, J.: The Tumor Suppressor Gene PTEN Can Regulate Cardiac Hypertrophy and Survival, J Biol Chem 276, 35786, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, newborn Cardiac myocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Rahman A, Alam M, Rao S, Cai L, Clark LT, Shafiq S, and Siddiqui MA: Differential effects of doxorubicin on atrial natriuretic peptide expression in vivo and in vitro, Biol Res 34(3-4), 195, 2001
Rat Rat, adult Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
Trypsin: 0.002%
 Tyrode solution Ren J, and Wold LE.: Measurement of Cardiac Mechanical Function in Isolated Ventricular Myocytes from Rats and Mice by Computerized Video-Based Imaging, Biol Proced Online 3, 43, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, male Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 140 u/ml
 Krebs-Henseleit Dai L, Brookes PS, Darley-Usmar VM, and Anderson PG.: Bioenergetics in cardiac hypertrophy: mitochondrial respiration as a pathological target of NO, Am J Physiol/Heart 281, H2261-H2269, 2001
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/M199 Guo K, Searfoss G, Krolikowski D, Pagnoni M, Franks C, Clark K, Yu KT, Jaye M, Ivashchenko Y: Hypoxia induces the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene BNIP3, Cell Death Differ 8, 367-76, 2001
Rat Rat, Wistar, female Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Ringer solution Pyle, W, Lester, J, and Hofmann, P.: Effects of Kappa-opioid receptor activation of myocardium, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281, H669, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.01%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 HBSS Arutunyan A, Webster D, Swift L, Sarvazyan N: Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280, H1905-15, 2001
Rat Rat, newborn Atrial Trypsin: 0.06%
 DMEM Kim, D., and Pleumsamran, A.: Cytoplasmic Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Inhibit ATP-Dependent Gating of the G Protein-gated K+ Channel, J Gen Physiol 115, 287, 2000
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 84 u/ml
Pancreatin: 0.05%
 M199 medium Bueno OF, De Windt LJ, Tymitz KM, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Klevitsky R, Hewett TE, Jones SP, Lefer DJ, Peng CF, Kitsis RN, and Molkentin JD.: The MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice, EMBO J 19(23), 6341, 2000
Rat Rat, Winstar, 1-2 day Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 DMEM Maki T, Horio T, Yoshihara F, Suga S, Takeo S, Matsuo H, and Kangawa K: Effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide as a paracrine factor in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, Br J Pharmacol 131(6), 1204, 2000
Rat Rat, SD, adult female Heart microvascular cells CLSPA: 250u/ml
Papain: 5 u/ml
Elastase: 0.8 u/ml
 L-15 Puri S, Bansal DD, Uskokovic MR, and MacGregor RR.: Induction of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from rat heart microvascular cells by fM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), Am J Physiol/Endo 278(2), E293, 2000
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-300g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
 M199 Sun L, Chang J, Kirchhoff SR, and Knowlton AA.: Activation of HSF and selective increase in heat-shock proteins by acute dexamethasone treatment, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278(4), H1091, 2000
Rat Rat, wistar, 2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM-F12 Cowan DB, Poutias DN, Del Nido PJ, and McGowan FX Jr: CD14-independent activation of cardiomyocyte signal transduction by bacterial endotoxin, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H619, 2000
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Webster DR, and Patrick DL.: Beating rate of isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes is regulated by the stable microtubule subset, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278, H1653, 2000
Rat Rat, Lewis, adult male, 300-350-g Aorta, smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.025%
 Medium 199 with 20% FBS medium Kim, B., Nikolovski, J., Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., and Mooney, D.: Engineered Smooth Muscle Tissues: Regulating Cell Phenotype with the Scaffold, Exp Cell Res 251, 318, 1999
Rat Rat, 10-15 newborn, 1-2 days old Atrial Trypsin: 0.03%
 HBSS or EBSS Nemec, J., Wickman, K., and Clapham, D.: GBy Binding Increases the Open Time of IKACh: Kinetic Evidence for Multiple GBy Binding Sites, Biophys J 76, 246, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-3 day Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 DMEM/F12 Adderley SR, and Fitzgerald DJ.: Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2, J Biol Chem 274, 5038, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Pancreatin: 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml
 DMEM Reinecke H, Zhang M, Bartosek T, and Murry CE.: Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts, Circulation 100(2), 193, 1999
Rat Rat, adult and neonatal Cardioomyocytes Collagenase Type 4: 0.12%-adult
Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%-neonatal
 DMEM/medium 199 Richards SM, Jaconi ME, Vassort G, and Puceat M.: A spliced variant of AE1 gene encodes a truncated form of Band 3 in heart: the predominant anion exchanger in ventricular myocytes, J Cell Sci 112, 1519, 1999
Rat Rat, Wistar, male Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 228 u/ml
 Joklik MEM Sambandam N, Abrahani MA, St Pierre E, Al-Atar O, Cam MC, and Rodrigues B.: Localization of lipoprotein lipase in the diabetic heart: regulation by acute changes in insulin, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(6), 1526, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 RPMI Matsui, T., Li, Ling, Del Monte, F., Fukui, Y., Franke, T., Hajjar, R., Rosenzweig, A.: Adenoviral gene transfer of activated phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and Akt inhibits apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro, Circulation 100, 2373-9, 1999
Rat Rat Thoracic aorta, smooth muscle Elastase: 0.02%
 (see reference) Zilberman, A., Dave, V., Miano, J., Olson, E., and Periasamy, M.: Evolutionary Conserved Promoter Region Containing CArg-Like Elements is Crucial for Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression, Circ Res 82, 566, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/F-12 Wagner DR, Combes A, McTiernan C, Sanders VJ, Lemster B, Feldman AM: Adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Circ Res 82, 47-56, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, 300-350 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%
 see reference Yu L, Netticadan T, Xu YJ, Panagia V, Dhalla NS: Mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced increase in intracellular calcium in rat cardiomyocytes, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286, 1-8, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, female, 200g Ventricular cardiac myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
Hyaluronidase: 0.2%
 Krebs-Henseleit buffer Westfall M V, Rust E M, Metzger J M: Slow skeletal troponin I gene transfer, expression, and myofilament incorporation enhances adult cardiac myocyte contractile function, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 5444-9, 1997
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1 day Cardiomyoctes Collagenase Type 2: 80 u/ml
 HBSS Kinugawa, K., Kohmoto, O., Yao, A., Serizawa, T., and Takahashki, T.: Cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase negatively modulates myocardial function in cultured rat myocytes, Am J Physiol 272, H35-47, 1997
Rat Rat, neonatal, 5-day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 DMEM Vanwinkle, W., Snuggs, M., and Buja, L.: Cardiogel: A Biosynthetic Extracellular Matrix for Cardiomyocyte Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 32, 478, 1996
Rat Rat, SD, 250-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 Joklik's Sharma VK, Colecraft HM, Wang DX, Levey AI, Grigorenko EV, Yeh HH, and Sheu SS: Molecular and functional identification of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat ventricular myocytes, Circ Res 79(1), 86, 1996
Rat Rat, SD, fetal and neonatal Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
Trypsin: 0.2%
 PBS Li RK, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, Zhang J, Mohabeer MK: In vivo survival and function of transplanted rat cardiomyocytes, Circ Res 78, 283-8, 1996
Rat SD, SHR or WKY Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 HBSS MacGregor, R., Klein, R., and Bansal, D.: Secretion of Plasminogen Activator Activity from Neonatal Rat Heart Cells is Regulated by Hormones and Growth Factors, Ann N Y Acad Sci 752, 331, 1995
Rat Rat, SD, male, 200-250 g Myocytes
Ventricles		 Collagenase: 0.07%
 Joklik's MEM Laughlin, M., Schaeffer, M., and Sturek, M.: Effect of Exercise Training on Intracellular Free Ca2+ Transients in Ventricular Myocytes of Rats, Am J Physiol 73, 1141, 1992
Rat Rat, SD, female, 60-90 days Myocardial Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM, Kreb's-Henseleit buffer, CF Welder, A.A., Grant, R., Bradlaw, J., and Acosta, D.: A Primary Culture System of Adult Rat Heart Cells for the Study of Toxicologic Agents, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 921, 1991
Rat Rat, SD, adult, female, 180-220 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.11%
 (see reference) Fischer, Y., Rose, H., and Kammermeier. H.: Highly Insulin-Responsive Isolated Rat Heart Muscle Cells Yielded By a Modified Isolation Method, Life Sci 49, 1679, 1991
Rat Rat, neonatal, 1-4 days Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 Krebs-Henseleit Buffer, CF Marino, T.A., Walter, R.,Cobb, E., Palasiuk, M., Parsons, T., and Mercer, W.E.: Effects of Norepinephrine on Neonatal Rat Cardiocyte Growth and Differentiation, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 229, 1990
Rat Rat
(also bovine)		 Heart
Adrenal chromaffin
Paraneurons		 Trypsin: 0.06%
 25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
Rat Rat, adult, female Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 Joklik's MEM Nag, A.C., Lee, M., and Kosiur, J.R.: Adult Cardiac Muscle Cells in Long-Term Serum-Free Culture:Myofibrillar Organization and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 464, 1990
Rat Rats, AW, late-gestation pregnant females Ventricular cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05 - 0.08%
 See reference Engelmann, G., McTiernan, C., Gerrity, R., and Samarel, A.: Serum-free Primary Cultures of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes: Cellular and Molecular Applications, Technique 2 (6), 279, 1990
Rat Rat,SD, albino, 10-14 weeks Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml and 150 u/ml
 Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer Berg, I., Guse, A.H., and Gercken, G.: Carbamoylcholine-Induced Accumulation of Inositol Mono-,Bis-,Tris-, And Tetrakisphosphates In Isolated Cardiac Myocytes From Adult Rats, Biochim Biophys Acta 1010, 100, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, adult, female, 175 - 225 g Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
 Joklik's medium Bugaisky, L.B. and Zak, R.: Differentiation of Adult Rat Cardiac Myocytes in Cell Culture, Circ Res 64, 493, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250 - 350 g Myocytes, ventricular Collagenase Type 1: 90 and 100 u/ml
 Joklik's solution with and without calcium De Young, M., Giannattasio, B., and Scarpa, A.: Isolation of Calcium-Tolerant Atrial And Ventricular Myocytes From Adult Rat Heart,Methods Enzymology Vol. 173,, , 662, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, 2-4 day old Cardiomyocytes
Fibroblasts		 Trypsin: 0.1%
 HBSS Toraason, M., Luken, M., Breitenstein, M., Krueger, J., and Biagini, R.: Comparative Toxicity of Allylamine and Acrolein in Cultured Myocytes and Fibroblasts from Neonatal Rat Heart, Toxicology 56, 107, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, male Aortic smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.05%
 DMEM Cornwell, T., and Lincoln, T.: Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Levels in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, J Biol Chem 264 (2), 1146, 1989
Rat Rat, adult, 150-200 g Myocytes, atria Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml
 Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate - HEPES buffer McMahon, K.K.: A Study of Adult Rat Atrial Myocyte Attachment to Extricellular Matrix Components and Long Term Culture,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, Eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 318, 1988
Rat Rat, SD Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Kreb's Ringer w/ calcium Buxton, I.L.O. and Doggwiler, K.O.: Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor Signal Transduction in the Adult Rat Cardiac Myocyte,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), , 298, 1988
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-350 g Myocytes, heart Hyaluronidase: 0.03%
 Bicarbonate-buffered medium Kim, D. and Smith, T.W.: Temporal Variation in Contractile State And [Ca++] in Isolated Adult Rat And Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 370, 1988
Rat Rat, Wistar, 2-4 day neonates Myoblast, cardiac Trypsin: 0.1%
 Standardized Medium
(see reference)		 Grynberg, A., Degois, M., Guenot, L., and Athias, P.: Primary Rat Cardiac Cell Culture: Diet of the Mother Rats as a Determinant Parameter of Cardiomyoblast Production from Neonates, Biol Cell 57, 89, 1986
Rat Rat, SD, timid-pregnant Myocytes Trypsin: 2.4 u/ml
 DMEM Freerksen, D., Schroedl, N., and Hartzell, C.: Control of Enzyme Activity Levels by Serum and Hydrocortisone in Neonatal Rat Heart Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium, J Cell Physiol 120, 126, 1984
Rat Rat, SD, female, 12 weeks Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.06%
 Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer Piper, H.M., Probst, I., Schwartz, P., Hutter, F.J., and Spieckermann, P.G.: Culturing of Calcium Stable Adult Cardiac Myocytes, J Mol Cell Cardiol 14, 397, 1982
Rat Rat, male/female, 200-250 g Muscle Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer, CMF Nag, A. and Cheng, M.: Adult Mammalian Cardiac Muscle Cells in Culture, Tissue Cell 13, 515, 1981
Rat Rat, female, adult, 200 - 300 g Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Claycomb, W.C., and Palazzo, M.C.: Culture of The Terminally Differentiated Adult Cardiac Muscle Cell: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Dev Biol 80, 466, 1980
Rat Rat, SD, adult, male, 200-250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.10%
 Joklik MEM, CF Frangakis, C., Bahl, J., McDaniel, H., and Bressler, R.: Tolerance to Physiological Calcium by Isolated Mycocytes from the Adult Rat Heart; An Improved Cellular Preparation, Life Sci 27, 815, 1980
Rat Rat, SD, female, 12 wks, 250 g Myocytes
Ventricular myocardium		 Collagenase Type 1: 0.20%
 Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer Powell, T., Terrar, D.A., and Twist, V.W.: Electrical Properties of Individual Cells Isolated From Adult Rat Ventricular Myocardium, J Physiol 302, 131, 1980
Rat Rat, 10 wk Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 Saline Bishop, S., Oparil, S., Reynolds, R., and Drummond, J.: Regional Myocyte Size in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Hypertension 1 (4), 378, 1979
Rat Rat, male, 200-300 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 82 u/ml
 Kreb's Henseleit buffer Farmer, B., Harris, R., Jolly, W., Hathaway, D., Katzberg, A., Watanabe, A., Whitlow, A., and Besch, H.: Isolation and Characterization of Adult Rat Heart Cells, Arch Biochem Biophys 179, 545, 1977
Rat Rat, female, albino, 200-250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Kreb's Ringers phosphate Nag, A., Fischman, D., Aumont, M., and Zak, R.: Studies of Isolated Adult Rat Heart Cells: The Surface Morphology and the Influence of Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration on Cellular Viability, Tissue Cell 9 (3), 419, 1977
Rat Rat, adult, male, 150-200g Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 MEM CF Grosso, D., Frangakis, C., Carlson, E., and Bressler, R.: Isolation and Characterization of Myocytes From the Adult Rat Heart, Prep Biochem 7 (5), 383, 1977
Rat Rat, adult Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
 Perfusing solution Moustafa, E., Skomedal, T., Osnes, J., and Oye, I.: Cyclic Amp Formation and Morphology of Myocardial Cells Isolated from Adult Heart: Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+, Biochim Biophys Acta 421, 411, 1976
Rat Rat, SD, albino, male, 180-230 g Heart ventricles, beating Collagenase: 0.05-0.2%
 Phosphate buffer Glick, M., Burns, A., and Reddy, W.: Dispersion and Isolation of Beating Cells from Adult Rat Heart, Anal Biochem 61, 32, 1974
Rat Rat, Hebrew Un strain, 3 & 17 months, 150-210 g Myocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 Versene buffer Bierman, E.L., Stein, O., and Stein, Y.: Lipoprotein Uptake and Metabolism by Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture, Circ Res 35, 136, 1974
Rat Rat, 2-5 day Myocytes Trypsin: 0.01%
 Saline A Speicher, D., and McCarl, R.: Pancreatic Enzyme Requirements for the Dissociation of Rat Hearts for Culture, In Vitro 10, 30, 1974
Rat Rat, SD, male, 150-200 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.05%
 (see reference) Pretlow II, T., Glick, M., and Reddy, W.: Separation of Beating Cardiac Myocytes from Suspensions of Heart Cells, Am J Pathol 67 (2), 215, 1972
Rat Rat, albino, male, 250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.20%
 Hank's solution, CF Berry, M., Friend, D., and Scheuer, J.: Morphology and Metabolism of Intact Muscle Cells Isolated from Adult Rat Heart, Circ Res 26, 679, 1970
Rat Rat, adult, male, 250 g Myocytes Trypsin: 0.1%
 Saline A Vahouny, G.V., Wei, R., Starkweather, R., and Davis, C.: Preparation of Beating Heart Cells From Adult Rats, Science 167, 1616, 1970
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1-4 day old Myocytes Trypsin: 0.125%
 Gey's BSS Mark, G., and Strasser, F.: Pacemaker Activity and Mitosis in Cultures of Newborn Rat Heart Ventricle Cells, Exp Cell Res 44, 217, 1966
Shellfish Pacific Oysters Haemocytes Trypsin:
L15 medium Le Duff, R., Lipart, C., and Renault, T.: Primary Culture of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, heart cells, J Tiss Cul Meth 16, 67, 1994
Shellfish Clams, 3.0 to 4.5 cm Myocytes
Fibroblasts		 Collagenase Type 1: 2%
 L15 medium Wen, C., Kou, G., and Chen, S.: Cultivation of Cells From the Heart of the Hard Clam, Merretrix lusoria (Roding), J Tiss Cul Meth 15, 123, 1993