Skin - Tissue Tables

SpeciesSpecies DetailCellsEnzyme(s)Medium Reference
Frog Frog Epidermal Trypsin: 0.18%
 Barth's solution, CMF Nishikawa, A., Shimizu-Nishikawa, K., and Miler, L.: Isolation, characterization, and in vitro culture of larval and adult epidermal cells of the frog Xenopus laevis, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 1128, 1990
Human Human Hair follicular epithelial Neutral Protease: 1.25%
Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM/F-12 Yu Hong, Fang Dong, Kumar Suresh M, Li Ling, Nguyen Thiennga K, Acs Geza, Herlyn Meenhard, Xu Xiaowei: Isolation of a novel population of multipotent adult stem cells from human hair follicles, Am J Pathol 168, 1879-88, 2006
Human Human, neonatal Keratinocytes Neutral Protease: 0.4%
Collagenase: 0.3%
 DMEM Li, A., Pouliot, N., Redvers, R., and Kaur, P.: Extensive tissue-regenerative capacity of neonatal human keratinocytes stem cells and their progeny, J Clin Invest 113, 390-400, 2004
Human Human Mast cells Neutral Protease: 0.05%
Collagenase Type 4: 1.0%
 RPMI Babina Magda, Guhl Sven, Starke Andrae, Kirchhof Loreen, Zuberbier Torsten, Henz Beate M: Comparative cytokine profile of human skin mast cells from two compartments--strong resemblance with monocytes at baseline but induction of IL-5 by IL-4 priming, J Leukoc Biol 75, 244-52, 2004
Human Human Fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Tuan Tai-Lan, Wu Huayang, Huang Eunice Y, Chong Sheree S N, Laug Walter, Messadi Diana, Kelly Paul, Le Anh: Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in keloid fibroblasts may account for their elevated collagen accumulation in fibrin gel cultures, Am J Pathol 162, 1579-89, 2003
Human Human Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial Neutral Protease: see reference
Collagenase: see reference
 see reference Supp Dorothy M, Wilson-Landy Kaila, Boyce Steven T: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells form vascular analogs in cultured skin substitutes after grafting to athymic mice, FASEB J 16, 797-804, 2002
Human Human, adult Keratinocytes Neutral Protease: 0.25%
 PBS Baudoux, B., Castanares-Zapatero, D., Leclercq-Smekens, M., Berna, N., and Poumay, Y.: The Tetraspanin CD9 Associates with the Integrin a6B4 in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and is Involved in Cell Motility, Eur J Cell Biol 79, 41, 2000
Human Human Keratinocytes Neutral Protease: 0.25%
Trypsin: 0.17%
Thermolysin: 0.05%
 see reference Hybbinette S, Bostrom M, Lindberg K: Enzymatic dissociation of keratinocytes from human skin biopsies for in vitro cell propagation, Exp Dermatol 8, 30-8, 1999
Human Human Human skin mast cells Neutral Protease: 0.1%
Collagenase Type 1: see reference
 PBS Grutzkau A, Kruger-Krasagakes S, Baumeister H, Schwarz C, Kogel H, Welker P, Lippert U, Henz BM, Moller A: Synthesis, storage, and release of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) by human mast cells: implications for the biological significance of VEGF206, Mol Biol Cell 9, 875-84, 1998
Human Human Epidermal Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Neutral Protease: 0.5-1.0%
 PBS Reece J C, Handley A J, Anstee E J, Morrison W A, Crowe S M, Cameron P U: HIV-1 selection by epidermal dendritic cells during transmission across human skin, J Exp Med 187, 1623-31, 1998
Human Human Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 Dulbecco's PBS Judd, D., Battista, P., and Behm, D.: Culture of Human Keratinocytes in Defined Serum-Free Medium, Focus 19 (1), 2, 1997
Human Human Epidermis plus dermis
Abdomen or inner forearm		 Trypsin: 0.125%
 DMEM, M199 Harley, C., and Sherwood, S.: Methods in Molecular Biology, Basic Cell Culture Protocols, 2nd ed. Vol. 75,Pollard, J., and Walker, J., Humana Press, 23, 1997
Human Human Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Regnier, M: Culture of Human Karatinocytes,Cell & Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures Vol. 1,Doyle, A., Griffiths, J., and Newell, D., John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 11B:4.1, 1995
Human Human, adult, female, breast skin Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 PBS Hirel, B., Chesne, C., Pailgheret, J., and Guillouzo, A.: Expression of Differentiation Markers in Human Adult Keratinocytes Cultured in Submerged Conditions, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30A, 372, 1994
Human Human, neonatal foreskin Fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Hansbrough, J., Cooper, M., Cohen, R., Spielvogel, R., Greenleaf, G., Bartel, R., and Naughton, G.: Evaluation of a Biodegradable Matrix Containing Cultured Human Fibroblasts as a Dermal Replacement Beneath Meshed Skin Grafts on Athymic Mice, Surgery 111 (1), 438, 1992
Human Human, 18-50 years Sweat duct Collagenase: 0.03%
 MEM Bell, C. and Quinton, P.: Effects of Media Buffer Systems on Growth and Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Cultured Sweat Duct Cells, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 47, 1991
Human Human Fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.25%
 CMF solution Limat, A., Hunziker, T., Boillat, C., Noser, F., and Wiesmann, U.: Postmitotic Human Dermal Fibroblasts Preserve Intact Feeder Properties for Epithelial Cell Growth After Long-Term Cryopreservation, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 709, 1990
Human Human Sweat gland Collagenase Type 2: 0.015%
 (see reference) Krouse, M., Hagiqara, G., Chen, J., Lewiston, N., and Wine, J.: Ion Channels in Normal Human and Cystic Fibrosis Sweat Gland Cells, Am J Physiol 257, C129, 1989
Human Human, ages 16-30 Human sweat duct Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
 RPMI 1640
(see reference)		 Pedersen, P.: Human Sweat Duct Cells in Primary Culture. Basic Bioelectric Properties of Cultures Derived From Normals and Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25 (4), 342, 1989
Human Human Melanocytes, skin/ foreskin Trypsin: 0.25%
 PBS Peacocke, M., Yaar, M., Mansur, C., Chao, M., and Gilchrest, B.: Induction of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors on Cultured Human Melanocytes, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85, 5282, 1988
Human Human Human sweat glands Collagenase: 0.2%
 HBSS Lee, C., Carpenter, F., Coaker, T., and Kealey, T.: The Primary Culture of Epithelia From the Secretory Coil and Collecting Duct of Normal Human and Cystic Fibrotic Eccrine Sweat Glands, J Cell Sci 83, 103, 1986
Human Human Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 DMEM Dover, R. and Potten, C.: Cell Cycle Kinetics of Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes, J Invest Dermatol 80, 423, 1983
Human Human, adult Epidermal keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase: 0.2%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.001%
 Eagle's MEM Alitalo K, Kuismanen E, Myllyla R, Kiistala U, Asko-Seljavaara S, Vaheri A: Extracellular matrix proteins of human epidermal keratinocytes and feeder 3T3 cells, J Cell Biol 94, 497-505, 1982
Human Human, fetal Smooth muscle, fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.055%
 DMEM Davies, P. and Kerr, C.: Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts, Biochim Biophys Acta 712, 26, 1982
Human Human, 18-30 years, male, female Fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.1%
 HBSS McCoy, B., Galdun, J., and Cohen, I.: Effects of Density and Cellular Aging On Collagen Synthesis and Growth Kinetics in Keloid and Normal Skin Fibroblasts, In Vitro 18 (1), 79, 1982
Human Human, newborn Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.3%
 DMEM Liu, S., Eaton, M., and Karasek, M.: Growth Characteristics of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes from Newborn Foreskin in Primary and Serial Cultures, In Vitro 15 (10), 813, 1979
Human Human Keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 (see reference) Rheinwald, J., and Green, H.: Serial Cultivation of Strains of Human Epidermal Kerotinocytes: The Formation of Keratinizing Colonies from Single Cells, Cell 6, 331, 1975
Mouse Mouse, neonatal Dermal Collagenase: 0.35%
Deoxyribonuclease I: see reference
 PBS Crigler Lauren, Kazhanie Amita, Yoon Tae-Jin, Zakhari Julia, Anders Joanna, Taylor Barbara, Virador VictoriaM: Isolation of a mesenchymal cell population from murine dermis that contains progenitors of multiple cell lineages, FASEB J 21, 2050-63, 2007
Mouse mouse Dermal fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.25%
 DMEM Baxter Ruth M, Crowell Thomas P, McCrann Margaret E, Frew Erica M, Gardner Humphrey: Analysis of the tight skin (Tsk1/+) mouse as a model for testing antifibrotic agents, Lab Invest 85, 1199-209, 2005
Mouse Mouse, male 6-24 week Skin side population Collagenase Type 4: 0.2%
Neutral Protease: 1.2 u/ml
 PBS Montanaro F, Liadaki K, Volinski J, Flint A, and Kunkel LM.: Skeletal muscle engraftment potential of adult mouse skin side population cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 9336, 2003
Mouse Mouse Ear epidermal Trypsin: 0.1%
Collagenase: 0.2%
 PBS Takanami-Ohnishi Yoko, Amano Shinya, Kimura Sadao, Asada Sachie, Utani Atsushi, Maruyama Masumi, Osada Hiroyuki, Tsunoda Hajime, Irukayama-Tomobe Yoko, Goto Katsutoshi, Karin Michael, Sudo Tatsuhiko, Kasuya Yoshitoshi: Essential role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in contact hypersensitivity, J Biol Chem 277, 37896-903, 2002
Mouse Mouse, 3-7 month Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase: see reference
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: .05%
 DMEM Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH: Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation, Mol Biol Cell 10, 1569-79, 1999
Porcine Porcine, 2-6 month Keratinocytes Neutral Protease: 0.25%
 Dulbecco-Vogt MEM Regauer S, Compton C: Cultured porcine epithelial grafts: an improved method, J Invest Dermatol 94, 230-4, 1990
Rat Rat, Wistar, 4-8 day Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 Ham's F-12 Sugihara, H and Toda, S: Primary Tissue Intact and Dissociated Cell Culture,Cell & Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures Vol. 1,Doyle, A., Griffiths, J., and Newell, D., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 3A:2.1, 1995
Rat Rat, SD, male, 40-60 days Sebaceous Trypsin: 0.2%
 DMEM with FBS
PBS		 Laurent, S., Mednieks, M., and Rosenfield, R.: Growth of Sebaceous Cells in Monolayer Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28, 83, 1992
Rat Rat, neonatal, 12-24 hr post partum Fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.2%
 HEPES buffered DMEM Acheson, A., Barker, P., Alderson, R., Miller, F., and Murphy, R.: Detection of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-like Activity in Fibroblasts and Schwann Cells: Inhibition by Antibodies to NGF, Neuron 7, 265, 1991
Rat Rat, albino, one day old, CFN Keratinocytes Trypsin: 1%
 EBSS Vaughan, F., Gray, R., and Bernstein, I.: Growth and Differentiation of Primary Rat Keratinocytes on Synthetic Membranes, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 22 (3), 141, 1986